Import and export
This page offers information on decisions on transport of genetically modified organisms (GVO) relevant to the Cartagena Protocol. However, with respect to import to Germany and the European Union (EU) the decisions described below are of restricted significance only.
Export – in case of decisions under the AIA procedure the importing country must agree
Source: jcpjr/fotolia.com
If GMOs are transported abroad with the intention of their deliberate release into the environment the advance informed agreement (AIA) procedure according to Article 7 of the Cartagena Protocol applies. In the EU this is implemented in Article 4 of Commission Regulation (EC) No 1946/2003.
The AIA shall be applied prior to the first transboundary movement of GMOs intended for deliberate releases (field trial) or cultivation (placing on the market). This procedure enables the importing country to assess potential risks to the biological diversity or human health posed by the GMO prior to the decisions on import.
For countries lacking a comprehensive legal framework for the handling of GMOs the AIA procedure is an important tool for decision-making. In the case of imports of GMOs into the EU the AIA requirements are covered with the existing GMO framework on deliberate releases for GMO field trials and cultivation. This EU framework is compliant with the Cartagena Protocol requirements. Information on the legal basis is available here.
GMOs intended for handling in contained systems or for transit do not fall under these regulations, as well as GMOs directly used as food or feed or for further processing. For the latter specific rules according to Article 11 Cartagena Protocol apply.
Import – only with EU authorisation or approval at the national level
In Germany and the EU, the AIA has long been implemented into applicable law. GMOs may only be imported if they are authorised for food or feed use or for cultivation (EU level) or for deliberate releases (field trials, national level). For handling under contained use conditions (e. g. laboratories, green houses) the GMOs and their handling require notification, registration at or authorisation of the competent national authority.
Note: Further information on transport of GMOs within Germany, on import and export is available here on the webpages of the BVL.